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July 20th, 2008

Can we all just stop what we're doing, and give a
BIG SHOUT OUT TO
(you know who I'm talking about) BERTHA! Big BAD BERTHA!!!
This incredible week of surf in the middle of July. Brought to you by TS BERTHA. Look, if you somehow missed any of this swell, well you missed a good one. Was it Epic? No? Was it fun and consistent? Oh yea baby. It was all
of that and more. And man, did she ever have some mood swings too.

Like those crazy water temps. Warm one day, freezing the next. We never knew what to wear for rubber until we got there. At one point, I wore boots and gloves and a freaking 4/3. It was crazy. But worth every crazy discomfort she would throw at us. Most of the entire East Coast got surf from the old gal. From Florida to Maine. The right coast was lit up for 7 solid days. The moment I saw her hit that speed bump near Bermuda, and sit there and stew for a few days, I knew we'd be in for a fun week of surf.

I heard that the Island boys and girls as well as the Rhode Island crew, had it as good as it gets too! I've not seen any photos or viddy yet but I'm sure they exist. I mean how could it not? Someone has the goods. Send us some.

And it didn't really matter how far the Cape stuck out to block this south swell, there was such a long fetch, that it was only a matter of time before the lines from this ground swell swung wide and found their way to the Northern beaches.

But once they hit, it was non stop.

I
t was like, we were all on some tropical surf trip and scored great waves. Except, we didn't have to drive or fly anywhere. In other words. We didn't have to waste any gas money. No sir. It was 7 days of fun summer surf, and it was such a treat. Of course, some of the lucky ones, got even luckier. Like the Grondin family. They came back from a two week Costa Rica surf trip just in time to score Bertha. Talk about lucky. Three weeks of super summer surf for those lucky surfers.

And really, the crowds were not that bad all week long. There were many days, when I didn't see anyone I knew, for an hour or two. Then, there were days, when I saw everyone. It was a wave fest unlike anything we've had since 1995. Why can't all the summer swells be like BERTHA? Anybody out there got an aunt, grandmother, or Mom named Bertha? If you do, call her an tell her we all love her.

OK last week I made the comment about how none of our local surfers are doing the things that most pros are doing on a regular basis. I want to retract that statement and say I was wrong. Why? Well, one of those Bertha days I saw Casey Lockwood do a HUGE backside air and stick it on the landing. I saw him do several 360s as well. And I saw Mike Stanek do a big air and run through several moves that had a few of us doing double takes too.

So I guess it's not that we don't have the talent, we just don't have the consistent playing fields. If we had surf like Bertha all Summer long, well, we'd have more than our share of hot surfers. I'm convinced of that. No question.
If we had the surf, we'd have the talent doing what they are doing in all these contemporary videos. And it makes sense to me. So once again, I apologize to those who can pull off these big moves and do it with style.

I was wrong.


There were however, plenty of the opposite out there this week. Oh you know what I'm talking about. Give someone a board and a wetsuit, who's never done this before, and cast them off into Tropical Storm groundswell surf and well, you have the makings of trouble. We got that. Plenty of injuries to report and plenty of blatant drop-ins too.

I'm sorry to say, that I witnessed several myself that were clearly unwarranted by those who should know better, and by those who just don't know any better.

It's the old dammed if you do, and dammed if you don't.

One of my photo commandos suggested that I run an expose of some of the more blatant ones caught on film. Lord knows, I shot enough video of some of the culprits myself. So what the heck, I'm running a complete separate page called DON'T DO THIS.

It's kind of a rehashing of last summer's RALPH'S TIP OF THE WEEK. There are really just a few rules that need to be mentioned. But they need to be mentioned again. Otherwise, somebody's gonna get hurt.

So check it out by clicking here.
DON'T DO THIS!

And there were several injuries this week as well. Broken legs, stitches, and ruptured ear drums. Unfortunately, I was the recipient of the latter. It' was not the first time.
In fact, it's the third time in my surfing life, that I've had it happen. And, if you talk about irony, well this latest one takes the cake.

I was driving up the coast on Wednesday to finally get in the water and shoot video when I mentioned to Mackey V that it was back in the summer 1989 that I had shot movie footage during Hurricane Gabrielle. I had at that time (or so I thought) shot some incredible footage. Only to find out that the condensation with the housing I was using had killed the film. I think you all know where this is going.

Sure enough, the first hour and a half my video camera and housing was saturated with condensation. It was only after a couple hours, that I could start to get the footage that I was hoping for. The only problem was, the crowds got thicker, and once people see the housing, well, they become blind to all others. Including surf etiquette.

It was frustrating to say the least. Yet, I swam and shot for 5 hours that day. Treading water. No fins. No flotation device. Just constant swimming, and a thing we Marines were trained to do in Boot Camp, called "Drown Proofing". I'm happy to say, that it still works.

But the real parallels to 1989 and Hurricane Gabrielle was, that was the last time I ruptured my ear drum. The first was in 1978 while surfing alone in February. If you've ever had this happen to you, well you know how freaky it is. Complete vertigo and throbbing pain in your ear.

Not fun. So when it happened to me on Thursday morning during a super fun, super charged, surf session, well it bummed me out. Dam...I was so upset. I still am. It's my own fault. I looked for my ear plugs before paddling out, but got so impatient, that I said, to hell with them and went out against my own better judgment without them.

It was a costly mistake.

I pulled into a hollow inside section on my backhand, and got the full force of the lip drilled into my left ear. I hung in there for several seconds, before the thing finally drilled me into the sand. I came up in the first stages of Vertigo land and a metallic taste in my throat. I tried to fight it off and paddled back out. It was then, that I had to face a set wave and did a simple duck dive. Well, that was it. Total out of control spinning. Sick to my stomach, I closed my eyes (something I learned after the first two times) and caught the next wave in on my stomach.

When I hit the beach I could not walk for several minutes. Chris and Jill Caisey came to my aid (Thank you guys). But I knew, there was nothing to do except cry. I did not, but I did curse myself. Out of the water for several days, weeks, months? Who knows? I only know this...there's another storm coming up the coast. Cristobal. I need to figure out how to cover my ear, so that no water gets in so I can surf this new swell. And you know me, I'll figure something out. Duct tape?

Hey a BIG Shout out to US Navy CB (Sea Bee) Mike Hayes who is currently serving in Balad, IRAQ with the SeaBees on his second tour in Iraq and is stationed with a Marine Infantry Battalion. Mike who is married to Liz (Cain), who happens to be the daughter of local surfer Dave Cain is also a new daddy. They are the proud parents and grandparents to Tobin Hayes. Thank you Mike for serving our country, stay safe and I'm sure little Tobin will be happy to see his pappy when you come home in September. God Bless.

Speaking of Iraq and Afghanistan. We will be announcing a SURF FREE FOR OUR AMERICAN HEROES session on August 22nd at 10th Street from 10AM-3PM when all the shops, SFOD and POST 35 along with several other local surfers, host the WOUNDED WARRIORS project when they come to town. We will have more details later, but for the time being, this is about wounded veterans from the Global War on Terror coming to Hampton to try surfing! How cool is that? We will be looking for help. If any of you surfers are credited life savers we need you. Please contact me

Ralph's Pic Of The Week. Thank you.

The deadline for the annual Ralph's Pic of the Week SURF ART Column is July 26 at 6PM. Remember NO photos. It's ALL art. Paintings (Oil, Acrylic, watercolor etc etc) , pencil drawings, pen and ink sketches, markers, carvings, sculptures, wood block...finger painting. Every kind of medium, except photography.

And they need to be in a digital file (JPEG) 700 pixels.
NO BIGGER and NO SMALLER.

And please, if you've submitted stuff in the past, don't send me the same piece. Give us something fresh to look at.

Remember my friends...Surfing heals all wounds....
Pray for Surf. Pray for Peace. Surf For Fun.


Ralph



Yesterday 1980 Jay "Rat" Hammer on his Aipa Stinger
(Below) Late summer Hurricane Frances saw plenty of wave action. Local standout Jay Hammer saw this
unique opportunity to score some pre-storm surge at his favorite lefthander. I was there with my trusty GAF
movie camera. Jay now lives in Hawaii and is a Lt.Col in the US Army. He still surfs every chance he can.
Including surfing this left whenever he's home visiting.
Video Frame Grab from Super 8mm Movie by R. Fatello SFOD.




2008 Today-July 16-19th, 2008 BIG BAD BERTHA!


(Above) Check it out. 12noon on Friday. Glassy and still fun. Small crowds. Thank you Bertie!
Photo by R. Fatello SFOD.


(Above) Like being on a surf trip. Only we didn't have to go very far.
Photo by R. Fatello SFOD.



(Above) Empty summer fun.
Photo by R. Fatello SFOD.


(Above) Long boards, short boards, no boards. It was open season out there Friday afternoon.
Photo by R. Fatello SFOD.


(Above) Matt Evans , Friday afternoon glass session.
Photo by Ed O'Connell.


(Above) Mattie Evans finding BERTHA's juice just to his liking.
Photo by Ed O'Connell


(Above) 5 Star glass glide. Who da guy?
Photo by Ed O'Connell.


(Above) Backside arc in the mid day glass. Oh yea, it was glassy all day.
Photo by Ed O'Connell.


(Above) Mackey V blowing the snot out of this lip.
Photo by Ed O'Connell.


(Above) Jon Gozzo going gonzo!
Photo by Ed O'Connell.


(Above) Sashi Lyford testing his own 5 Star designs at his homebreak.
Photo by Ed O'Connell.


(Above) Nick Miller carving the coping.
Photo by Ed O'Connell.


(Above) MVF pulling in the Green stick to prepare for landing.
Photo by Ed O'Connell.


(Above) Johnny Sav showed up with the HD gear and shot the action in High Definition.
Photo by R. Fatello SFOD.


(Above) This guy defies logic and wind flow and drives off with a whole new look to securing crafts to
moving vehicles.
Photo by R. Fatello SFOD.




(Above) Another day another glassy session. You tell me, was this fun or what?
Photo by R. Fatello SFOD.



(Above) Leah Grondin fresh back from Costa Rica tries going left after two weeks of riding the rights at
Playa Negra.
Photo by John Carden


(Above) Meanwhile, father Kevin feels right at home at both the Wall and Playa Negra.
Photo by John Carden


(Above) Kevin "Doc" Grondin free falling thru the lefts at the Wall.
Photo by John Carden


(Above) Bill Stecchi negociates the two face implants at the Wall.
Photo by John Carden


(Above) Jon Gozzo's deep surgical carve.
Photo by John Carden


(Above) Long and lanky Nick Miller twists the top off of this 16th Street left.
Photo by John Carden


(Above) Jared Velstos floating thru the white stuff.
Photo by John Carden



(Above) Mike Moran tops off this late day righthander.
Photo by John Carden


(Above) Garrett Krapf rips a gouge in a contorted effort to remind the youngin's that there's still a pecking
order out there.
Photo by John Carden


(Above) Unidentified nose glide.
Photo by John Carden


(Above) Leah leans into a nice left.
Photo by John Carden

(Above) And daddy lunges at this pitching lip.
Photo by John Carden


(Above) Got Lefts?
Photo by John Carden


(Above) ...and got any rights? FISH!
Photo by John Carden


(Above) After the Ear Rupture...good thing I can fall back on the photo thing.
Photo by John Carden


(Above) Say what? Whatever floats your boat...or plane?
Photo by John Carden


(Above) Somewhere over the rainbow...the sleeping shop.
Photo by John Carden



(Above) Early morning slice.
Photo by Ed O'Connell


(Above) Smooth bore rifle turn. MVF. Early morning Bertha.
Photo by Ed O'Connell


(Above) Lenny Nichols floats Big Yellar thru a Wall section.
Photo by John Carden


(Above) Another early morning slash. MVF.
Photo by Ed O'Connell



(Above) Call it what you will, but to me, this is home. The Wall life.
Photo by John Carden


(Above) Early morning scene. Bertha burped and we all made our move.
Photo by R. Fatello SFOD


(Above) This may be my favorite photo of the whole Bertha swell. Mackey V slotted.
Photo by Ed O'Connell



(Above) And this would be my second. That's me shooting video in the water. MVF cuttie number 300.
Photo by Ed O'Connell




(Above) End of the Day on Thursday and yet it was still looking pretty dam good.
Photo by R. Fatello SFOD.



 



RALPH'S VIDEO CLIP OF THE WEEK.
CLICK ON THE PHOTO IMAGE BELOW FOR SHORT WINDOWS MEDIA FILE VIDEO CLIP.
VIDEO by SFOD R. Fatello



(Above) CLICK ON Video (photo) Frame Grab of Mackey V from one of Bertha's many days.
The SFOD movie is a SHORT WINDOWS MEDIA FILE VIDEO CLIP from SFOD.
Video Frame grab by R. Fatello SFOD

(Above) Another BERTHA DAY.
Photo by R. Fatello SFOD.



(Above) Smiles all around for BERTHA.
Photo by R. Fatello SFOD.



(Above) Who's sponsoring you? Charlie Clews wishful thinking. Bertha
Photo by R. Fatello SFOD.



(Above) Session number 5 on a Happy BERTHA DAY.
Photo by R. Fatello SFOD.


(Above) Still plenty of light...why not? The end of another BERTHA DAY.
Photo by R. Fatello SFOD.



(Above) Are you kidding me? Happy BERTHA DAY to you.
Photo by R. Fatello SFOD.



(Above) BERTHA was so pretty...all week long.
Photo by R. Fatello SFOD.



(Above) A Bad BERTHA DAY for Lil Doc Grondin and his board.
Photo by R. Fatello SFOD.



(Above) Everywhere you looked there she was. BERTHA .
Photo by R. Fatello SFOD.




(Above) Early in the week when BERTHA first came to visit us. The young guns were all over it.
Photo by R. Fatello SFOD.




(Above) Why wouldn't they be happy? Look out the back, BERTHA .
Photo by R. Fatello SFOD.



(Above) James, Mackey and Kody on the cold BERTHA DAY.
Photo by R. Fatello SFOD.



(Above) Kody Grondin having a Good BERTHA DAY.
Photo by Ed O'Connell



(Above) Rye Guy high line. BERTHA .
Photo by
Ed O'Connell



(Above) Rye Guy or BATMAN? BERTHA .
Photo by
Ed O'Connell



(Above) Tobey walking the dog. BERTHA .*Check out Tobey in Video clip of the week.
Photo by
Ed O'Connell



(Above) Olsen . BERTHA .
Photo by
Ed O'Connell



(Above) Olsen tight tube squat. BERTHA .
Photo by
Ed O'Connell



(Above) Unidentified girl at the Wall. According to Mackey V "she was taking off on all the bombs." BERTHA .
Photo by
Ed O'Connell



(Above) Kyle Linseman wrap-around. BERTHA .
Photo by
Ed O'Connell



(Above) Roundhouse cuttie. MVF. BERTHA .
Photo by
Ed O'Connell



(Above) TOP GUN pilot Casey Lockwood was launching them all week. BERTHA .
Photo by
Ed O'Connell


(Above) Laurie Meyer wades out to perfection last week.
Photo by Graham Frasch.


(Above) Ian Frasch into a nice glassy right. While his brother captures the moment.
Photo by Graham Frasch.



(Above) Corey Roy bottom turn's early Bertha.
Photo by John Nuzzolo



(Above) Corey Roy pig dogging a Bertha barrel.
Photo by John Nuzzolo


(Above) Corey carves a slice of Bertha.
Photo by John Nuzzolo


(Above) Corey Roy is a big man, but there was plenty of juice for him in this early Bertha sesh.
Photo by John Nuzzolo


(Above) You Got Me Floatin a round and round. Corey Roy -Bertha.
Photo by John Nuzzolo



(Above) Up and down the entire NH coast...Phil Carey and BERTHA .
Photo by Chris Shipley


(Above) Sashi and BERTHA .
Photo by Chris Shipley


(Above) Sahi's BERTHA cuttie.
Photo by Chris Shipley


(Above) Kyle Linseman's Head dipping BERTHA burp.
Photo by Chris Shipley



(Above) Another deep Garret Gouge. BERTHA .
Photo by Chris Shipley


(Above) Mike Moran was nailing these all day long out there. BERTHA .
Photo by Chris Shipley



(Above) Mike Stanek turning heads whenever he paddles out. Stylish cut. BERTHA .
Photo by Chris Shipley



(Above) Cracking whip turn. Stanek- BERTHA .
Photo by Chris Shipley



(Above) If Stanek ever decides to join the Military he's gonna go Airborne...jumping out of
planes and Choppers. Yes he made this BERTHA leap.
Photo by Chris Shipley


(Above) Alex Orestos glass burning turn. BERTHA .
Photo by Chris Shipley


(Above) Nora Vasconcellos one of the best female surfer these parts have seen in some time.
BERTHA and Nora got along just fine.
Photo by Chris Shipley


(Above) Jared Velstos-blue on blue on blue. Blue is for boys. Jared's surfing has jumped a few
notches since last year. We've got a healthy young crew of rippers up here. BERTHA .
Photo by Chris Shipley


(Above) Mike Sachs at the Wall. BERTHA .
Photo by Phil Sachs.


(Above) Quicksilver delight-Bertha.
Photo by Lenny Nichols



(Above) Unhappy clam Bertha.
Photo by Lenny Nichols



(Above) Lenny's moon shot-Bertha.
Photo by Lenny Nichols



(Above) John Carden's Moon shot-Bertha.
Photo by John Carden

2008 Today-July , 2008 Before Bertha


(Above) Nico Zaino with Grampa John...Nico is 4yrs old.
Photo by courtesy of the Pozella family


2008 Today-Last Week in Hawaii and beyond



(Above) Oahu-South Shore line-up...Bertha who?
Photo by Bernie Baker



(Above) OK Bernie's calling this his favorite shot of the summer so far. I can see why. That's a lot of beef
being thrown into that pitching lip. I say he made it. What say you?
Photo by Bernie Baker


(Above and below) Check it out. That's Tom Brady with his girlfriend Gisele (or whatever the hell her name is)
this week in Costa Rica...but look closely. That's a pink leash he's putting on his board. A PINK leash! No wonder we lost the dam Super Bowl. *Oh and Tom...take your leash off when you're walking around the beach.
Photos courtesy of the Internet

Today 2008 PARTING SHOT- Head Dip and Rinse



Above) Don't really know what's going on here. But my guess is disaster is one second away. Olsen
dipping the long locks in a saltwater rinse cycle.
Photo by Ed O'Connell

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 




 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
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